Anang Gambus

The history of Kampong Maridan has two different versions of the story. In the first version, Maridan comes from the name of a prominent person, namely Jabat, with evidence in the form of a tomb. Jabat is a figure from the Paser Tribe who is believed to have opened Kampong Maridan during the Dutch colonial era. Initially, Kampong Maridan was the customary territory of the Balik Tribe, but now the Balik Tribe no longer resides in Kampong Maridan. In the second version, it is explained that the name Maridan is taken from a large branch of wood that is upside down in a river. Maridan comes from a combination of the word 'Mori' which means haunted and is understood to not be disturbed; and the word 'Dan' which means branch of wood. Over time, the combination of the words Moridan changed to Maridan due to the mixing of languages and dialects. The Indigenous People of Kampong Maridan have a site or area that is protected, called Anang Gambus.

Anang Gambus is a stretch of mangrove forest, the meaning of the name Anang itself is taken from the name of a person named Anang, while Gambus is from the name of a traditional musical instrument of the Paser Tribe. Anang Gambus is a person skilled in playing gambus who lives and utilizes mangroves to meet his livelihood needs. The Anang Gambus area is a stretch of Mangrove Forest (Mangrove)—which is utilized for fishing, collecting oysters, or snails using nembelat or sodo (fish traps made of bamboo).

The initiative to protect this area has existed and is deeply rooted in the minds of the Indigenous People of Kampong Maridan. However, the traditional leaders mostly do not understand the regulations regarding the protection of protected areas or their customary territories. Therefore, there are external parties that assist in the recognition and protection of the Indigenous People of Kampong Maridan, such as AMAN (Indigenous Peoples Alliance of the Archipelago), PEREMPUAN AMAN, and BRWA (Customary Territory Registration Agency) in 2020 to conduct mapping of customary territories and gather social data of the indigenous community.

The Anang Gambus area can be utilized by all Indigenous People of Kampong Maridan and other tribes living in Maridan are also allowed to utilize it. There are no prohibitions on utilizing the resources available in the Anang Gambus area—anyone can take them as long as it is not excessive and with the permission of the tuo kampong (traditional leader). This rule is passed down orally through generations.

Here are the rules that apply in the Anang Gambus area:

1. Destruction of the mangrove forest is prohibited.

2. Cutting down trees in the Anang Gambus area is prohibited.

3. Taking natural resources around Anang Gambus excessively is prohibited;

4. It cannot be managed by communities outside the Indigenous People of Kampong Maridan and other tribes living in Maridan.

5. The mangrove forest can be utilized by the Maridan indigenous community and other tribes with the permission of the traditional leader.

This rule is managed and supervised by a customary institution called Penggugu Adat Kampong Maridan, which consists of:

1. Tuo Kampong, who plays a role in running the customary government, leading discussions (bapekat), regulating the system of life of the indigenous community related to land, fields, and forests, and deciding customary sanctions.

2. Saronoian, who plays a role in assisting Tuo Kampung in managing the village and inviting local indigenous people to attend bapekat and engage in mutual cooperation.

3. Mulung, who plays a role in reciting mantras and conducting traditional healing through customary rituals.

4. Penggading, who plays a role in preparing all ritual equipment and ensuring that customary rituals run smoothly.

In addition, the Indigenous People of Kampong Maridan have a division of space according to their customs, namely:

1. Alas, is a protected land area to take advantage of its garden reserves. There are various land covers in this area, namely brackish, teak, and pine. Alas is divided into several categories, namely:

2. Lati Burok, is a bush area that was once a rice field left for 3-4 years.

3. Umo, is an area of garden/field land for planting mountain rice and vegetables.

4. Kebon, is an area of land used for planting rubber and palm.

5. Gentung, is an area of land that functions as a source of spring water with collective rights subjects.

6. Kampung, is a settlement area in the Kampong Maridan region.

The Indigenous People of Kampong Maridan protect the Anang Gambus area because it has a history closely related to a respected traditional figure. The management and protection of Anang Gambus contribute to the preservation of the mangrove coastal ecosystem. In addition, it also contributes to the protection of the biodiversity of flora and fauna within it, such as:

• Diverse Types of Flora:
• 1. Song/Brus Mangrove (Male Mangrove)
• 2. Bawe Mangrove (Female Mangrove)
• 3. Niri/Boi Mangrove
• 4. Tengere/Tengar Mangrove
• 5. Landing Mangrove
• 6. Setigi Mangrove
• 7. Api-Api Mangrove
• 8. Landro/Berus Song Mangrove
• 9. Landro/Berus Bawe Mangrove
• 10. Nipah
• 11. Jeruju
• 12. Perepah/Perepat
• 13. Perangat
• 14. Perepah/Perepat Stone
• Diverse Types of Fauna:
• 1. Tontong Stork (protected and Rare/Endangered)
• 2. Hawksbill Turtle (Protected and Rare/Endangered)
• 3. Indopacific Humpback Dolphin (Protected and Rare/Endangered)
• 4. Mangrove Crab
• 5. White Shrimp
• 6. Kipar Fish
• 7. Baronang Fish
• 8. Belanak Fish
• 9. Red Snapper Fish
• 10. White Snapper Fish
• 11. Sumpit Fish
• 12. Barracuda Fish
• 13. Tompel Fish
• 14. Ketamba Fish
• 15. Trekulu Fish
• 16. Stingray Fish
• 17. Mayung Fish
• 18. Mangrove Osi
• 19. Stone Osi
• 20. Song Osi
• 21. Bawe Osi
• 22. Brungun
• 23. Cempude
• 24. Punpun
• 25. Tengkoang
• 26. Mangrove Oyster
• 27. Iron Oyster

The Indigenous People in Penajam Paser Utara Regency only have a legal basis for recognition and protection at the provincial level. Until now, there has been no legal subject regulating the recognition and protection of Indigenous Peoples in Penajam Paser Utara Regency, especially the Indigenous People of Kampong Maridan. The Indigenous People of Kampong Maridan are one of the indigenous communities affected by the eviction for the development of the Nusantara Capital located in Sepaku District.