Hutan Adat

This Community Managed Conservation Area is located in the Dayak Punan Tugung community in the village of Punan Dulau. The Punan Tugung tribe originally settled in the upper reaches of the Magong River, in the Lunang forest area or Gunung Jolok, since around 1720. Their first leader was Aki Ilah (Ibung Ilah), who had two important figures as descendants, namely Aki Tawang (who inhabited Gunung Jolok) and Aki Ukong (who inhabited Gunung Ipung). Both led as Kapitan from 1720 to 1850. Kapitan is the customary leader or chief of the Dayak Punan Tugung tribe before the modern village administrative structure was formed.

This leadership continued in a hereditary manner: Aki Tawang and Aki Ukong (1720–1850), followed by the title of Kapitan until the Dutch period (1850–1927). After that, Aki Ulok led (1927–1940), followed by Aki Lalang (1940–1959), Aki Ipah (1959–1967), and Aki Ibas (1968–1975). During Aki Ibas's time, the title of leader changed to Pembakal. In 1969, East Kalimantan Governor Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie planned to merge Dulau Village with another village due to the small population. However, Aki Ibas firmly rejected this, stating that the Punan community could not be merged with other tribes. Eventually, the government officially designated the village as Punan Dulau.

From 1970 to 1972, during the New Order era, the Punan Dulau community experienced a forced resettlement program to Sekatak Buji Village along with Tidung residents. Nevertheless, most residents returned to their original area in the upper reaches of the Magong River to farm and cultivate. Aki Ibas's leadership ended in 1975, closing an important phase in the history of Punan Tugung customary leadership.

The Customary Forest or Lunang Adat area, which covers 6,506.85 ha, is a protected forest designated for customary rituals and hunting grounds for the indigenous community. Hunting for the Dayak Punan Tugung community is a daily activity whose results will be consumed by the community itself. This forest is a communal area owned by the Dayak Punan Tugung community. However, the community has limited rights to the quantity and types of natural resources recognized by law.

Essentially, in this area, the community utilizes and manages resources collectively or communally. However, during the New Order era, the Punan Dulau community experienced resettlement. This area was taken over by PT Intracawood, resulting in the trees in the Punan Dulau forest being mostly small to medium-sized, as they had been harvested by PT Intracawood. In 1981, the company operated for 45 years, and then in 2017, it was extended for another 75 years. This is the main reason the community limits the utilization of local natural resources to ensure sustainability for their descendants.

The indigenous community has rules to keep the customary forest area preserved, which relate to the utilization of natural resources, namely;

• Wood harvesting is limited only for family needs.
• Prohibition against taking natural resources without permission.
• Ritual sabak (if someone is to enter the forest) must be performed.
• Prohibition against using poison or electricity for fishing, except for social activities.
• Prohibition against poisoning or electrocuting.

Indigenous communities live in harmony with nature, thus they have a strong ancestral bond in preserving the flora and fauna around them. This principle of balance is reflected in their forest management practices, such as in the wise utilization of resources. One tangible form is the use of plants as traditional medicine, which is still maintained today as a legacy of local knowledge and evidence of the important role of forest areas in supporting their health and livelihood. The flora and fauna present in the Customary Forest are as follows;

• Flora
• Fruits
• Dosow (durian fruit)
• Banana (red durian)
• Pungen (yellow durian)
• Herbal Plants
• Ketimang (internal wound medicine specifically for pregnant women)
• Tabar (internal wound medicine)
• Tu’ong (fever medicine)
• Avoh (fever reducer)
• Kedayan (antidote)
• Okah (root) terutut (canker sore medicine)
• Okah Kelawit (canker sore medicine)
• Okah Suling (internal heat medicine, cough medicine),
• Semburu (used as fragrance/accessory),
• Suli (used as accessory, fragrance, or medicine)
• Wood
• Piyangan wood
• This wood is generally used by the community for home decorations or ritual needs.
• Adau wood
• Adau wood is used as building material for house ceilings.
• Nunuk wood (banyan tree)
• Rattan
• Wei Bengkulan
• Wei Ogoh
• Wei Jalay
• Wei Mengan
• Wei Pak
• Wei Semambu
• Opow.
• Fauna
• Tongo
• Kelawor
• Tembaring
• Hampalah
• Baung fish
• Sungku fish
• Eel
• Hi (snail)

In the Customary Forest of the Punan Tugung community, there are several important points they protect as a form of their protection, including river mouths, biodiversity hotspots, rapids, and limbu/lidung areas.

There are currently no specific regulations governing the recognition of the Dayak Punan Tugung Indigenous community's territory. However, the community has a commitment to work together in the future regarding the application for recognition of customary law communities (MHA) and the application for recognition of customary forests (HA).