Hutan Tengkih

This Community Managed Conservation Area is located in the Dayak Punan Tugung community in the village of Punan Dulau. The Punan Tugung tribe originally settled in the upper reaches of the Magong River, in the Lunang forest area or Gunung Jolok, since around 1720. Their first leader was Aki Ilah (Ibung Ilah), who had two important descendants, namely Aki Tawang (who lived in Gunung Jolok) and Aki Ukong (who lived in Gunung Ipung). Both led as Captains from 1720 to 1850. Captain is a traditional leader or head of the Dayak Punan Tugung tribe before the modern village administrative structure was formed.

This leadership then continued in a hereditary manner: Aki Tawang and Aki Ukong (1720–1850), followed by the title of Captain until the Dutch era (1850–1927). After that, Aki Ulok led (1927–1940), followed by Aki Lalang (1940–1959), Aki Ipah (1959–1967), and Aki Ibas (1968–1975). During Aki Ibas's time, the title of leader changed to Pembakal. In 1969, East Kalimantan Governor Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie planned to merge Dulau Village with another village due to the small population. However, Aki Ibas firmly rejected this, stating that the Punan community could not be merged with other tribes. Eventually, the government established the village with the official name of Punan Dulau.

In the years 1970–1972, during the New Order period, the Punan Dulau community experienced a forced resettlement program to Sekatak Buji Village along with Tidung residents. Nevertheless, most residents returned to their original territory in the upper reaches of the Magong River for gardening and farming. Aki Ibas's leadership ended in 1975, closing an important phase in the history of Punan Tugung's traditional leadership.

The Tengkih Forest or Lunang Tengkih area, which covers 4,062.97 ha, is a prohibited forest protected by the Dayak Punan Tugung indigenous community. This forest is a communal area owned by the Dayak Punan Tugung community. However, the community has limited rights to the quantity and types of certain natural resources recognized by law.

Essentially, in this area, the community utilizes and manages resources together or communally. However, during the New Order period, the Punan Dulau community experienced resettlement. This area was taken over by PT Intracawood, resulting in the trees in the Punan Dulau forest being mostly small to medium-sized, as they had been harvested by PT Intracawood. In 1981, the company operated for 45 years, and then in 2017, it was extended for another 75 years. This is the main reason the community limits the utilization of local natural resources to ensure sustainability for their future generations.

The indigenous community has rules to keep the Tingkih Forest preserved; these rules relate to the actions of the community because this forest is a protected forest, namely;

• Do not believe in supernatural things
• Prohibited from burning Barob fish (salted fish) because its smoke is believed to summon spirits
• Prohibited from stealing honey

The indigenous community lives in harmony with nature, thus they have a strong ancestral bond in preserving the flora and fauna around them. This principle of balance is reflected in the way they manage the forest, such as in the practice of wise resource utilization. One tangible form is the use of plants as traditional medicine, which is still maintained today as a legacy of local knowledge and evidence of the important role of forest areas in supporting their health and livelihood. The flora and fauna found in the Customary Forest are as follows;

Flora

• Fruits
• Lapiu
• Rubber (Tewas)
• Pugi Kais
• Pugi Silow
• Pugi Pua
• Arut (a type of rambutan)
• Riu (forest rambutan)
• Belung (a type of starfruit)
• Belenyu (mango).
• Herbal Plants
• Pasak bumi (medicine for body aches)
• Ginseng (medicine for body aches)
• Ketimang (medicine for fractures)
• Okasuling (root, for wounds)
• Pulinesom (root, for fever)
• Tasom (poison for blow darts)
• Opei (medicine for dogs)
• Pulik nyawa (pulling plant)
• Ulin or tah
• Daun apa
• Lintong,
• Lembutong or wild onion
• Oka kelawit or bajakah root
• Oka bararon or bajakah root,
• Oka sirau or bajakah root
• Oka kipai (parang glue and also putty),
• Wood
• Resin
• This wood is used for boat putty
• Salong Kelebuduk
• Wood that is easy to burn
• Menggris or honey wood
• Agarwood
• Limpasu/lepou (spices),
• Merung (for holding children’s blow darts)
• Rattan
• Wei Bengkulan
• Wei Ogoh
• Wei Jalay
• Wei Mengan
• Wei Pak
• Wei Semambu
• Opow.

Fauna

• Four-legged animals
• Wild cat or leopard (kuli)
• Bear (buwang)
• Pangolin (am)
• Monkey (kuyat)
• Beruk
• Mouse deer (pelanuk)
• Deer (telou)
• Elk (payou)
• Pig (bafui)
• Porcupine (totung)
• Monitor lizard (akih)
• River monitor lizard (parang)
• Squirrel (uki)
• Large turtle (unyan)
• Small turtle (kilut)
• Freshwater turtle (kelok)
• Birds
• Marker bird (klafet) (marker bird),
• Hornbill (tekuwan)
• Rhinoceros hornbill (kesakuh)
• Non-horned hornbill (lukap)
• Punai (bangkoko)
• Serindit (teripos)
• Belukukan (a type of hornbill),
• Murai (pempilang)
• Raven (ka)
• Wild chicken (lantusa)
• Sayum (a bird that dominates the ground and has a sort of crown),
• Sacred birds (lelahan)
• Marker birds (segap, bukong, telesan, tekali),
• Time marker birds (souwit) wak-wak
• Dawn marker birds (wak-wak)
• Honey bees (fanyih)
• Stingless honey bees (nyuan)
• Snakes
• King Cobra (kelimut),
• Cobra (Loi)
• Python (penganur)
• Mangrove snake (mansalong)
• Red-headed and tailed snake (Lawing)

In the Tingkih Forest of the Punan Tugung community, there are several important points that they protect as a form of their protection, including the river mouth, saline springs, Gunung Tanbau Temeru, and limbu/lidung places.

There are currently no specific regulations governing the recognition of the Dayak Punan Tugung Indigenous community's territory. However, the community has a commitment to work together in the future regarding the submission for recognition of customary law communities (MHA) and the submission for recognition of customary forests (HA).