Kampokng Durian

The Dayak community in Semandang Kanan Village has a strong connection to their ancestral land and forests since ancient times. This story begins with a figure named Keminting who once lived in the Muguk Sukam area. However, his home was consumed by fire, forcing him to move to Batang Poring. Because the area was difficult to find a livelihood and still under Dutch colonial rule, which was fraught with risks, Keminting eventually settled in Selantak Dalam.

Keminting married Kukuk and had two children, namely Gaduh and Banya. From this lineage, a large family developed that settled in the area. During the Japanese occupation, the indigenous people experienced injustice as the elderly who could not work were often killed. From the lineage of Gaduh was born a figure with high spiritual abilities known as Panglima Buyung.

Panglima Buyung is believed to possess extraordinary powers—able to fly, disappear, and master the art of war. With his abilities, he set out alone to Ketapang, the Japanese army headquarters, and succeeded in killing their war leader. His head was brought back to the village and became a symbol of victory in a traditional ritual. Although he did not leave descendants due to spiritual prohibitions, the knowledge and wisdom of the Dayak he possessed were passed on to Lintam, who was later given a traditional title as Panglima Lintam. This story became a historical milestone and a spiritual foundation that strengthened the community's bond with their ancestral land and forests.

As time progressed, the community of Semandang Kanan Village faced new challenges. The presence of external companies, such as palm oil plantations and bauxite mines, attempted to convert the forest into commercial land. This threat raised deep concerns because the forest is not only a source of livelihood but also a living space, identity, and cultural heritage from their ancestors.

The local community agreed to protect their forest area. With the support of the Tropenbos Indonesia Foundation, they initiated the Community Managed Conservation Area (AKKM) as a collective effort to defend their customary territory from various pressures. This initiative aims to:

• Uphold customary law and respect the wisdom of ancestors.
• Support sustainable livelihoods.
• Preserve and enhance natural resources.
• Conserve culture, traditions, and ancestral knowledge.
• Protect certain species and biodiversity in general.

The areas deemed most valuable by the community are proposed to be included in the ICCA (Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas) scheme as a tangible action to gain broader recognition.

Kampokng Durian is one of the tembawang known by the community. This village is a collection of large fruit-bearing plants that are publicly or communally owned, especially fruit orchards from the past that were uninhabited. This fruit village is collectively owned without having to originate from one lineage, and in the past, every visitor usually left something, one of which was by planting a tree. Tembawang, namely kampokng durian, is also not to be sold but is preserved as a communal heritage fruit orchard.

The main function of AKKM in the Dayak Simpakng Banua Tuda community, one of which is Kampokng Durian, is to protect water sources and serve as a living space for the indigenous community, which includes settlements, sacred forests, tembawang, and habitats for flora and fauna. The community utilizes clean water from this area for daily needs, harvests non-timber forest products such as honey, resin, firewood, and utilizes the fruits from the tembawang for both consumption and sale. In addition to supporting basic needs, this forest also plays an important role in traditional rituals and maintaining ecosystem balance based on local wisdom.

Management of the area is carried out generationally by the Customary Community Institution (LMD) led by the Temonggong (customary head). This institution functions to regulate the spatial planning of the customary territory, resolve customary issues, and make decisions through the Customary Deliberation (Musdat) held annually with the local community. The community has the right and responsibility to maintain this AKKM area, as it is considered a heritage from ancestors that not only has historical value but also ensures the sustainability of future generations.

In maintaining the area, there are customary prohibitions that apply, such as cutting down trees without permission or damaging sacred places. These rules are passed down orally from generation to generation. If someone violates the rules, they will be subject to customary penalties in the form of fines ranging from 2 real to 8 real according to applicable provisions. Through this management system, significant benefits are felt by the community: the need for clean water is met, sources of livelihood are available, traditional rituals can continue to be carried out, and household income is supported.

The contribution of the Community Managed Conservation Area (AKKM) to biodiversity in Semandang Kanan Village is evident through the area that serves as a living space for the indigenous community, a natural fortress protecting the forest, a source of water, wildlife, and various plants of ecological and cultural value. Through local wisdom and customary rules passed down through generations, the community is able to maintain a balance between the utilization of natural resources and conservation efforts, making the existence of AKKM a tangible example of how customary-based management practices can directly contribute to the preservation of biodiversity at the local level. Here is the biodiversity in Semandang Kanan Village;

Flora:

• Wood
• Bengkirai
• Tokam
• Belian (Ulin)
• Meranti
• Kompas
• Bangoris
• Keladan
• Tapang
• Menyan
• Gotah Merah
• Nyatuh
• Mengkubung
• Ngkajang
• Jabon
• Paket
• Kelanso
• Baloba
• Majak
• Fruit/Flower
• Durian Fruit
• Langsat Fruit
• Duku Fruit
• Nceriak Fruit
• Kapol Fruit
• Rambutan Fruit
• Sibo Fruit
• Jatak Fruit
• Muang Fruit
• Kemantan Fruit
• Kanaria Fruit
• Ruko Fruit
• Lempang Fruit
• Pauh Fruit
• Mangis Fruit
• Kembayau Fruit
• Rangkung Fruit
• Cempedak Fruit
• Remayong Fruit (Salak)
• Linsum Fruit
• Asam Kumbang Fruit
• Bacang Fruit
• Blood Starfruit
• Sotol Fruit
• Kaliampu Fruit
• Pekawai Fruit
• Orchid Flower
• Medicinal Plants
• Ginseng (Stamina Booster)
• Pasak Bumi (Stamina Booster)
• Ntomu Root (Liver Medicine)
• Kumis Kucing (Back Pain Medicine)
• Katepeng Leaves (Itch Medicine)
• Mabe (Itch Medicine)
• Tuba Nabo (Stomachache Medicine)
• Dragon Scale Root (Itch Medicine)
• Simpe Komakng (Swelling Medicine)
• Langer Boras (Headache Medicine)
• Baluru Root (Headache Medicine)
• Kombang Ujan Flower (Medicine for Crying Children)
• Ketutuh Dogak (Medicine for Children Who Walk Slowly)
• Nsabang Merah Flower (Village Healing Medicine (Ritual))
• Komakng Uno (Village Healing Medicine (Ritual))
• Jungkal Darah (Back Pain Medicine)
• Balek Angin (Stomachache Medicine)
• Kumpe Buok (Hair Growth Medicine)

Fauna:

• Mammals
• Wild Boar
• Deer
• Mouse Deer
• Stag
• Squirrel
• Pangolin
• Bear
• Orangutan
• Bontang (Proboscis Monkey)
• Kerak (Monkey)
• Kelai (Kelasi)
• Lutung
• Kelempiau
• Porcupine
• Rangke (Angkis/large rat)
• Nek Ncu (A type of rat)
• Keseduk (A type of rat)
• Birds
• Hornbill
• Tingang
• Tajak
• Ruai
• Sempidan
• Sengayan
• Ruai Burun
• Stone Robin
• Pipit
• Mpuruk
• Kunsit
• Bayan
• Tilit
• Bubut
• Kruak
• Eagle
• Owl
• Cocap
• Fish
• Adung
• Tapah
• Patung
• Bamal
• Baong
• Seluang
• Bantak
• Belauk (Snakehead)
• Kelabau
• Tilan
• Tempujuk
• Karansan
• Shrimp
• Cok Krosek
• Kotam (Crab)
• Konying
• Kiontong
• Tampalak
• Tbalakng
• Somah

In addition to the forest, there are also important sites maintained by the Dayak Simpakng Banua Tuda community, namely;

1. Ancient Cemetery

The customary cemetery of the Dayak Simpakng Banua Tuda

Sandung is a place to bury (Sandung for high-ranking leaders, Sandung for opposing leaders, and Sandung Kek Lonak)

2. Clean Water Source/Spring

• Sungei Pakok (Clean Water Source)
• Sungei Takorek (The waterfall becomes the main spring)
• Sungei Baruakng
• Sungei Bukakng
• Sungei Kampokng Sayang
• Sungei Maraek
• Sungei Loa
• Sungei Rirek
• Sungei Sekutu
• Sungei Terjun Ansah

There are currently no specific regulations governing the recognition of AKKM in Semandang Kanan Village. However, the indigenous community along with local customary institutions are working to have AKKM recognized as Customary Forest through government support and applicable laws.