Kelokak Kebebu

The history of the residents of Dusun Kebebu, Desa Nanga Kebebu or Pasak Kebebu can be recorded based on the stories of community figures, such as the late Antol, the late Saleh, the late Itot, and H. Saharudin, as told to Yusli. All these figures have similar stories. The traces of the Nanga Kebebu Community can be recorded from the settlements of Meruden and Kenual. These two settlements are better known as Kampong Katab, and the people living in that area are referred to as the Katab Kebahan or Kebahan Totok people. The last leader of Kampong Katab was named Mas Anom or Raja Katab or Raja Anyong. Kampong Katab was abandoned by Raja Anom and all his people due to an attack from outside. However, it is not yet certain whether they were attacked by another tribe or the Dutch East Indies Government. However, evidence of the attack, in the form of boats, can still be seen in the Popai River, downstream from Kampong Katab.

Evidence of the existence of Kampong Katab can be seen from a cemetery complex estimated to cover 2000 m2 in the form of stone tombstones. Evidence of the settlement itself is spread over a flat area. It is estimated that the settlement lined the banks of the Melawi River from Katab to the upstream of the Pantong River, estimated to be more than 1 (one) Kilometer (KM). This area is part of the AKKM Kelokak Kebubu. The migration of Raja Katab and some of the people to Kemantan Mulung (now Dusun Mulung) and some others to Laman Silang (downstream of Tanjung Arak on the right side of the Melawi River). In Laman Silang, it was led by Gani, who held the title Pati Krama. The settlement in Laman Silang was burned, and they moved across the river (now known as Tanjung Arak) and the Denis village (across from Kampung Nanga Kebebu today).

While residing in Denis, the arrival of scholars from Minangkabau and Banjar suggested moving to the other side (the Kebebu settlement today). This is because the Denis settlement is in a lowland area that often floods. This suggestion is reinforced by the reason that the area is guarded by two dragons. This is interpreted as being flanked by two rivers that meet at one spring point, namely the Pantung River and the Meyolong River. The program for relocating the settlement was led by Gani's grandson or Anak Taha-Ronot named Makrub. The Denis settlement is part of the AKKM Kelokak Kebubu, which has many local fruits and a cemetery complex. Makrub opened the Kebebu settlement, and after settling in Kebebu, the village leader was Karim with the title Kroti. It is estimated that Kroti's leadership was a transitional period from the kingdom to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).

The area managed and protected in a hereditary manner by the Indigenous Community of Katab Kebahan Kebebu located in Desa Nanga Kebebu includes Kelokak Kebebu, Kebebu River, and Kebebu Lake. Kelokak Kebubu is an area of forest that contains timber and fruit trees. Kelokak Kebubu is a hereditary legacy seen as a symbol of wealth and glory. This area includes the banks of the Melawi River, its tributaries, and the Melawi River itself. The next protected area is the river, which is utilized as a transportation route, a place for rituals, a livelihood for river fishermen, and a source of water needs. Meanwhile, the lake is utilized for irrigation, tourism, and as a place for activities.

Kelokak Kebubu is owned individually and communally. If it is individual ownership, it means it can only be utilized by individuals and their descendants. Individual kelokak can be inherited, and the land of kelokak is difficult to sell because land ownership is not necessarily the same as tree ownership, but trees can be sold. Then, communal ownership means it can be utilized by everyone and cannot be sold. Rivers and Lakes are areas of communal ownership that cannot be sold. This management and protection are supervised by a managing institution called Pasak Kebebu. The following are some rules that apply in the protected area:

• Sida is a local wisdom that explains that as long as the person concerned is within the lineage, they can utilize it as long as they can explain the lineage, especially for the utilization of fruit results or not related to the area.
• Tanah Mali is a local wisdom that prohibits the use of certain areas, during a period and applies to certain people.
• Gunung timbul is a prohibition against cutting down or damaging the area of people or animals without the knowledge of the owner or the community. This can incur sanctions with a certain value or equivalent to the damage.
• Langkah Lalu: If there is a newcomer who stays overnight in the village without reporting to the village head, then the person concerned and the host must pay the customary fee of langkah lalu amounting to 1 real per gold.
• Kesupan: which refers to attitudes and behaviors in social interactions that must uphold etiquette.
• Pemali Nuba: which is a prohibition against poisoning the river has dual meanings and functions. First, it is prohibited to catch fish and to maintain environmental sustainability because generally, the community has houses built on the riverbanks. It is clear that the water is used for bathing, drinking, cooking, and washing. Poisoning the river endangers fish and is likely to poison humans. Those who do this, whether intentionally or not, are required to pay the customary penalty of 20 real per gold.
• Nokap Omuk: which is customary law that regulates the opening or cultivation of land. It is prioritized not to occupy someone else's territory unless there is an agreement between both parties.
• Burning Huma/Field: Before burning, the landowner must inform family or neighbors who have gardens, crops, and others around the field to be burned. Create firebreaks and firefighting equipment. If a fire occurs and causes the burning of someone else's land or garden, a customary law of 6 real per gold and compensation for the burned crops will be imposed.

The management and protection of protected areas (fruit gardens, rivers, and lakes) contribute to the preservation of ecosystems and the biodiversity within them. Communities can obtain economic benefits, such as planting rice, corn, vegetables, plantation crops, and local fruits. As for the plants that have produced, such as durian, langsat, semulan, longan, kemantan, various types of bangga, gandaria, jengkol, rambutan, rambai, and other local fruits, they are sold. This includes various types of fish that are also commercially sourced from the Melawi River and its tributaries, such as: Boyuk River, Ipuh River, Belindak River, Rangkap River, Popai River, Kebebu River, and Pantong River. These rivers have specific locations that become fish ecosystems. Their names are; Lengkong Boyuk, Lengkong Paloh, Batu Tungkok, Lengkong Kebebu, and Batu Belidak. The community protects the areas of the River and Lake through fishing activities that do not endanger the river ecosystem or traditional fishing methods, such as: fishing, nets, fish traps, tajur, takan, unak, tekalak, nikup, pelabuh, sentaban, melampam, nyimpar, nimbak, mansai, and others.

The Indigenous Community of Katab Kebahan in Dusun Mulung, Lengkong, and Semadin does not yet have a legal basis or specific regulations governing the recognition and protection of rights or the protection of community-managed areas. The Rimak Birapati area is located in the HGU concession of PT Inhutani III Nanga Pinoh.