Kemawak Mbiu (Kebun Buah)

The naming of Mandor Kiru’ was initially named Manur Kiru’ by the community. This name changed to Mandor Kiru’ when Pak Bujang, the village head in the 1990s, mistakenly wrote the name Manur Kiru’ as Mandor Kiru’ in the village administration. The name Mandor Kiru’ itself comes from two words, Manur comes from the name of the Manur Tamarind tree and Kiru’ comes from the name of the Kiru’ plant (a thorny pandan plant, a member of the pandanaceae family, which can be used for weaving mats, hats, and selepe).

According to the elders who live in Mandor Kiru, they originally lived in the Sengkunang area (which was abandoned, hence this area is called Kemawak Sengkunang). They lived in the Sengkunang area during the Dutch colonial era and during the time of tribal wars (the Kayau era). The tribal war occurred between the Dayak Sengkunang and the Dayak Jangkang. The incident involved a Sengkunang person named Ma’ Kajim (Pak Kajim) marrying into the Dayak Jangkang area, inviting several Jangkang people to raid the Sengkunang area. Those who lived in Kemawak Sengkunang were six siblings, namely: 1. Buduh Ma’ Laut alias Bungkang; 2. Santap Ma’ Gonong; 3. Jago Ma’ Linat; 4. Pati Kaya; 5. Singa Pati; and 6. Macan Kangkom; (the names of the parents of these six siblings are unknown).

After leaving Kemawak Sengkunang, they moved to Kemawak Mbiu. In Kemawak Mbiu, the population began to grow, making the agricultural land no longer fertile. In search of sufficient agricultural yields, they ultimately decided to move to a new place. They moved to Kemawak Engkunang. Their migration to Kemawak Engkunang. It was in Kemawak Engkunang that the above six siblings were born. They lived in Engkunang for quite a long time, and their numbers also increased significantly. In this place, an outbreak of disease struck humans, and many residents died. Seeing this incident, those who survived then moved to several places such as Kiru’, Bungkang, Kalong, Bangan, Semayang, Bingkai, and Peluntan. Now, Kemawak Engkunang has become a cemetery/wakaf for the village of Mandor Kiru’ and there are local fruit trees such as Durian, langsat, mentawa, kelampe, janta’, ringko bamboo, asam gandaria, sumsum, tengkawang, sekelet/cempedak.

From Kemawak Engkunang, they moved to Kemawak Manur, in this village they built a Rumah Amuh (longhouse). This Rumah Amuh has 17 doors. From Kemawak Manur, they moved to Manur Kiru’. This migration was caused by an outbreak of disease affecting the residents. This migration was also signaled by nature with the sound of birds like kito’ and beria at night. The sound of birds at night is a bad omen for the residents of the Kemawak Manur village. From Manur, they moved to Manur Kiru’, due to an outbreak of disease affecting the residents. In Mandor Kiru’ they live until now and have established 3 radak (settlements):

1. Radak Binjai is located in Kanis, where the community builds Kabu’ houses (single houses).

2. Radak Kiru’ is located in Empayak. There is a Rumah Amuh (longhouse) with 30 doors. The Rumah Amuh was dismantled and turned into Kabu’ houses (single houses) in 1980. In 1980, Pak Jais served as the village head.

3. Radak Simpang is located in Polo Tawa. In Polo Tawa, the community builds Kabu houses (single houses).

During their time in the Mandor Kiru’ village, it was also during the reign of the Panembahan Ngabang Kingdom. The kingdom sent Damang to collect taxes from the community in the form of rice and livestock. The tax items had to be carried by the residents of Mandor Kiru’ to the Landak palace. During the Japanese era, in 1945, the Mandor Kiru’ community felt unsafe and afraid. They feared the Japanese. They were afraid because Japanese soldiers would take their daughters to be their illegal wives. To avoid this, parents would quickly marry off their children to young men from the village. During the Demonstration era, in 1967, there was unrest between the Dayak community and the Chinese ethnic group. The community expelled and looted the belongings of the Chinese who lived in Jelimpo and Sosok. During the New Order era, in 1966, the presidency of Soeharto began, the people in Mandor Kiru’ had not received support for development, both in terms of roads and school buildings. To build a road between Mandor Kiru’ and Jelimpo, they worked together, while for the education of the children of Mandor Kiru’, they walked to Kalong and Jelimpo.

The people of Mandor Kiru village have an area that is managed and protected through generations, this area encompasses several living spaces for the community, such as: Forest, Fruit Gardens, and Lakes. One of these fruit gardens is called Kemawak Mbiu, which is an area/location where local fruits grown by ancestors hundreds of years ago (the remains of an old village – each planting around their house) borders the Mbiu River. Based on a mutual agreement between the Mandor Kiru village community and the village head, along with encouragement from external institutions such as the Alliance of Indigenous Peoples of the Archipelago (AMAN) and the Agency for the Registration of Customary Areas (BRWA), since 2022, they have committed to protecting and recognizing areas deemed important and managed by the community through generations and are striving to obtain recognition and protection as subjects of Customary Law Communities.

The management of the Kemawak Manur and Mbiu areas has collective ownership and utilization rights—in the sense that only the Indigenous People of Mandor Kiru village are allowed to take the resources available in Kemawak Manur and Mbiu. However, the customary institution also has the right to oversee the management of Kemawak Manur and Mbiu under the administration of Ketimanggongan Binua Sengkunang. The Kemawak Manur and Mbiu areas cannot be sold or rented out.

The Ketimanggongan Binua Sengkunang Customary Institution consists of:

1) Temanggong, responsible for resolving customary matters ranging from 3 tali (120 kg of pig) to Adat Balah Nyawa.

2) Pajanang (Deputy Temenggung), responsible for resolving customary matters from 3 tali (120 kg of pig) to Adat Balah Nyawa.

3) Pasirah, responsible for resolving customary matters ranging from 8 real - 16 real and 40 kg of pig.

4) Pangaraga, responsible for resolving customary matters ranging from 4 real - 8 real and 40 kg of pig.

The rules applicable in the management and protection of the Kemawak Manur and Mbiu areas allow fruit picking only to be done collectively when the customary administrator Pasirah is appointed; if taken/stolen individually, customary sanctions will apply. Furthermore, picking is done by forming teams per RT or divided between day/night when durian is harvested. Fruit picking is done 1-3 times a year depending on the conditions at the time of fruit harvest.

The management and protection of Kemawak Manur and Mbiu contribute to the preservation of the fruit garden ecosystem and the biodiversity within it. Kemawak Manur and Mbiu are one of the legacies whose presence benefits the community. Every year, the community can enjoy abundant fruit harvests. In addition, Kemawak Manur and Mbiu are legacies related to the history of the community's migration in the past—both are remnants of old villages where ancestors planted crops around their homes. These fruit plants continue to thrive and the practice has been preserved to this day. Thus, the fruits found in Kemawak Manur and Mbiu (Durian, Asem Bacang, Asem Mawang, Langsat, Mentawak, Duku, Sekelet, Belimbing Hutan, Janta’, Asem Raba or Gandaria, Manggis, Buah Kepayang, Kelampe, Rambutan Sibo, Peluntan, Ganok, Somsop a type of forest salak, Asem Kanis, Asem Ketalok, Benyalit, Jengkol or Jarik) can continue to be enjoyed by the local community according to the harvest season.

The Indigenous Dayak Be'aje community, Benua Sengkunang, which is located in the Mandor Kiru village area, does not yet have specific regulations governing the recognition and protection of rights or the protection of community-managed areas. However, there is a legal basis established regarding the recognition and protection of Customary Law Communities in Landak Regency, namely through Landak Regional Regulation Number 15 of 2017 on the Recognition and Protection of Customary Law Communities in Landak Regency and the Decree of the Landak Regent Number 660.1/292/HK-2018 concerning the Establishment of the Verification and Validation Committee for the Recognition and Protection of Customary Law Communities in Landak Regency.