Kompokng (Kebun Buah)

The naming of Mandor Kiru’ was initially named by the community as Manur Kiru’. This name changed to Mandor Kiru’ when Mr. Bujang, as the Village Head in the 1990s, mistakenly wrote the name Manur Kiru’ as Mandor Kiru’ in the village administration. The name Mandor Kiru’ itself comes from two words, Manur comes from the name of the Manur Tamarind tree and Kiru’ comes from the name of the Kiru’ plant (a thorny pandan plant, a member of the pandanaceae family, which can be used for weaving mats, hats, and selepe).

According to the elders who live in Mandor Kiru, they initially lived in the Sengkunang location (because it was abandoned, this area is called Kemawak Sengkunang). Living in the Sengkunang area was during the Dutch era and during the time of tribal wars (the Kayau era). The tribal war occurred between the Dayak Sengkunang and the Dayak Jangkang. The incident occurred when a Sengkunang person named Ma’ Kajim (Pak Kajim) married into the Dayak Jangkang area and invited several Jangkang people to raid the Sengkunang area. Those who lived in Kemawak Sengkunang were six siblings, namely: 1. Buduh Ma’ Laut alias Bungkang; 2. Santap Ma’ Gonong; 3. Jago Ma’ Linat; 4. Pati Kaya; 5. Singa Pati; and 6. Macan Kangkom; (the names of the parents of these 6 siblings are unknown).

After leaving Kemawak Sengkunang, they moved to Kemawak Mbiu. In Kemawak Mbiu, the population began to grow, so the land for agriculture was no longer fertile. To seek sufficient agricultural yields, they eventually decided to move to a new place. They moved to Kemawak Engkunang. Their migration to Kemawak Engkunang. It was in Kemawak Engkunang that the above 6 siblings were born. They lived in Engkunang for quite a long time, and their numbers also increased significantly. In this place, an outbreak of disease attacked humans, and many residents died. Seeing this incident, those who remained then moved to several places such as Kiru’, Bungkang, Kalong, Bangan, Semayang, Bingkai, and Peluntan. Now Kemawak Engkunang has become a graveyard/wakaf of the Mandor Kiru’ village and there are local fruit trees such as Durian, langsat, mentawa, kelampe, janta’, ringko bamboo, gandaria tamarind, sumsum, tengkawang, sekelet/cempedak.

From Kemawak Engkunang, they moved to Kemawak Manur, in this village they built a Long House (Rumah Amuh). This Long House has 17 doors. From Kemawak Manur, they moved to Manur Kiru’. This migration was caused by an outbreak of disease affecting the residents. This migration was also signaled by nature with the sounds of birds like kito’ and beria at night. The sounds of birds at night were a bad omen for the residents of Kemawak Manur. From Manur they moved to Manur Kiru’, due to the outbreak of disease affecting the residents. They have lived in Mandor Kiru’ until now and built 3 radak (settlements):

1. Radak Binjai located in Kanis, the community built Kabu’ houses (single).

2. Radak Kiru’ located in Empayak. There is a Long House with 30 doors. The Long House was dismantled and turned into Kabu’ houses (single) in 1980. In 1980, Mr. Jais served as the Village Head.

3. Radak Simpang located in Polo Tawa. In Polo Tawa, the community built Kabu houses (single).

During their time living in the Mandor Kiru’ village, it was also during the reign of the Panembahan Ngabang Kingdom. The kingdom sent Damang to collect taxes from the community in the form of rice and livestock. The tax items had to be carried by the Mandor Kiru’ villagers to the Landak palace. During the Japanese era, in 1945, the Mandor Kiru’ community felt unsafe and afraid. They were afraid of the Japanese. They feared that Japanese soldiers would take their daughters to be their wives unlawfully. To avoid this incident, parents would quickly marry off their children to young men from the village. During the Demonstration era, in 1967, there was unrest between the Dayak community and the Chinese ethnic group. The community expelled and looted the belongings of the Chinese people residing in Jelimpo and Sosok. During the New Order era, in 1966, the presidency of Suharto began, the people in Mandor Kiru’ had not received development support for roads and school buildings. To build a road between Mandor Kiru’ and Jelimpo, they worked together, while for the children of Mandor Kiru’, they walked to Kalong and Jelimpo for school.

The people of Mandor Kiru village have an area that is managed and protected through generations, this area encompasses several livelihoods of the community, such as: Forests, Fruit Gardens, and Lakes. One of these fruit gardens is locally named Kompongk, which is an area/location that is overgrown with local fruits from former farming huts (parok). Based on a mutual agreement between the Mandor Kiru village community and the Village Head, as well as encouragement from external institutions such as the Alliance of Indigenous Peoples of the Archipelago (AMAN) and the Indigenous Area Registration Agency (BRWA), since 2022 they have committed to protecting and recognizing areas considered important and managed by the community through generations and are striving to obtain recognition and protection as subjects of Indigenous Law Communities.

The management of the Kompokng area has ownership rights and specific utilization rights for families and their heirs—in the sense that, for example, if there is a head of the family or their ancestors who created a farming hut, then the rights to manage that area belong to their descendants. Ownership of the Kompokng area is inherited and cannot be sold. However, if there are issues that cannot be resolved regarding Kompokng, the customary institution can mediate the problem.

The Ketimanggongan Binua Sengkunang customary institution consists of:

1. Temanggong, responsible for resolving customary matters starting from the amount of 3 strings (120 kg of pig) up to Adat Balah Nyawa.

2. Pajanang (Deputy Temenggung), responsible for resolving customary matters from 3 strings (120 kg of pig) up to Adat Balah Nyawa.

3. Pasirah, responsible for resolving customary matters starting from the amount of 8 real - 16 real and 40 kg of pig.

4. Pangaraga, responsible for resolving customary matters starting from the amount of 4 real - 8 real and 40 kg of pig.

The rules applicable in the management and protection of the Kompokng area are that this area cannot be turned into farmland. Furthermore, it is also prohibited to take wood without the owner's agreement. If this is violated, a penalty will be imposed in the form of four (20 kg of pig along with other customary items: coffee, rice, liquor, sugar, cigarettes, etc.). If the violator is part of that family, they will be reprimanded by the elders of that family.

The management and protection of the Kompokng area contribute to the preservation of the fruit garden ecosystem and the biodiversity within it. Kompokng has become one of the legacies whose presence benefits the community. Every year, the community can enjoy abundant fruit harvests. The fruit plants are inherited and continue to live and develop, and their practices are preserved to this day. Thus, the fruits found in Kompokng (Durian, Asem Bacang, Asem Mawang, Langsat, Mentawak, Duku, Sekelet, Hutan Starfruit, Janta’, Asem Raba or Gandaria, Mangosteen, Kepayang Fruit, Kelampe, Rambutan Sibo, Peluntan, Ganok, Somsop similar to forest salak, Asem Kanis, Asem Ketalok, Benyalit, Jengkol or Jarik) can continue to be enjoyed by the local community according to the harvest season.

The Dayak Be'aje Indigenous Community, Benua Sengkunang, located in the Mandor Kiru village area, does not yet have specific regulations governing the recognition and protection of rights or the protection of community-managed areas. However, there is a legal basis established regarding the recognition and protection of Indigenous Law Communities in Landak Regency, namely through Landak Regional Regulation Number 15 of 2017 concerning the Recognition and Protection of Indigenous Law Communities in Landak Regency and the Landak Regent's Decree Number 660.1/292/HK-2018 concerning the Establishment of the Verification and Validation Committee for the Recognition and Protection of Indigenous Law Communities in Landak Regency.