Lubuk Larangan Desa

In the past, the ancestors of the Aur Kuning community came from Pagaruyung, West Sumatra. At that time, they traveled in search of a place to establish a village as a settlement. The journey took a long time with various obstacles. The journey from Pg started by descending to Nganti (the name of the place) and then the ancestors of the Aur Kuning community climbed to the ridge of Bukit Seribu, then descended to Air Batang Kujano. Upon reaching Air Batang Kujano, a state (village) was established by the ancestors of the Aur Kuning community.

One time, a tiger cub was captured and then burned by the community, after which other tigers became ferocious, resulting in casualties among the community being eaten by tigers. Considering the unsafe condition of the village, they agreed to move in search of a new settlement, climbing the ridge along the Bewuik River. During the journey, they found a tiger trapped by roots, and kindly the Aur Kuning community immediately released the tiger from the roots in exchange for a promise that no tiger would disturb the descendants of the ancestors of the Aur Kuning community. The community continued their journey past Pematang Ulu Baleng until they reached Batang Santan. At Batang Santan, the community rested while cooking, and a coconut was grated there, with the leftover coconut pulp being thrown into the upstream of the Batang Santan River, which is where the name of the Hulu Batang Santan River originated.

After resting, the journey resumed by following the downstream of the Batang Santan River to the mouth of the Santan River. Upon reaching the river mouth, they decided to cultivate the land at the mouth of the Santan River. Thus, two datuks of the Terusan community, Datuk nan Kanciu (the name of the datuk) and Datuk Pamenan, sought a suitable place for the Aur Kuning community to settle, and the datuks decided to trace the Bewuik River while bringing a chicken, a chisel, and a mortar (a place for pounding rice).

In the middle of the journey, the Aur Kuning community found rocks on the left and right sides of the river, beneath which there was a waterfall. Remembering the long journey, the two datuks from Aur Kuning placed the chicken on a root, set the mortar in a place, and carved the stone. After a while, the King of Koto Muaro, the son of the King of Koto Muaro, bathed at the edge of the Bewuik River. Soon after, misfortune befell the king's son, who became weak due to water entering his nose, and eventually, the son of the King of Koto Muaro died. The edge where the king's son died was named Koto Muaro. The king's son was also buried there. The king initiated a request for land from the ninik mamak of the Terusan community, and kindly the ninik mamak of the Terusan community granted part of his land. After carving the stone, Datuk nan Kanciu and Datuk Pamenan threw the mortar into the base of the waterfall to ensure that no descendants would quarrel over the land in the future. After the mortar was dropped, the two datuks and the community followed the Bewuik River until they reached the mouth. At the mouth of the Bewuik River, they established a state (village). The left side faced downstream of Rona Kandi while the right side faced downstream of the Kasok River, and the king directed his staff to the Kasok River, where a yellow bamboo grew. From there, the name Aur Kuning was derived.

The Aur Kuning Indigenous Community has a protected area that is managed specifically through generations. This area is known as Imbo or Forest—which consists of Imbo of the Santan River, Imbo of the Baliang River, Imbo of the Kudoghang River, and Imbo of Gano. This forest is protected by the Aur Kuning Indigenous Community because it serves as an ecosystem protection, a source of springs, a place for livelihood (food), and the utilization of non-timber forest products (HHBK).

The management of the Aur Kuning Indigenous Community over the Imbo is taken in a limited manner only for specific purposes, such as building houses and boats. Areas within the Imbo cannot be turned into fields, and if one wishes to enter, permission must be sought from the ancestors residing in the forest. Non-timber forest products that may be harvested include Durian, Petai, Tampui, Idan, and Berangan (chestnut). Some management regulations for the forest have been written down, but most are conveyed verbally and passed down through generations. In the customary forest area, no one has ever been punished because the applicable customary regulations are flexible, except for those who encroach on the customary forest. The management of Imbo is regulated and supervised by the Aur Kuning Customary Institution. The Aur Kuning community is led by Datuk Pucuk from the Malay Tribe (Datuk Caniago)—who holds authority over the land and its contents in the Aur Kuning community. The Aur Kuning community consists of three tribes: (1) The Malay Tribe led by Datuk Pucuk (Datuk Caniago); (2) The Domo Tribe led by Datuk Mudo; (3) The Domo Kampai Tribe led by Datuk Mangkuto Jalelo.

The duties and functions of the customary institutional framework are arranged as follows:

1) Datuk Pucuk functions as the authority holder in a customary event in the community (kampuang).

2) Datuk Lelo Baso functions as a mediator in disputes among the mamak within the community (kampuang).

3) Datuk Mangkuto Julelo functions as a mediator in disputes among the mamak within the community (village).

4) Mamak Kampung functions to carry out orders from Datuk Pucuk.

5) Dubalang functions to carry out orders from the Datuks/Ninik Mamak.

Currently, Imbo or the customary forest serves as an economic source for the Aur Kuning indigenous community, both from timber and non-timber forest products. The Aur Kuning Indigenous Community preserves the Imbo/customary forest through generations and focuses on managing the forest based on community knowledge. The Aur Kuning Indigenous Community—through local knowledge and values inherited from their ancestors—ensures that timber is not overexploited, keeping the Imbo/customary forest's natural resources sustainably preserved. Additionally, springs are also very beneficial for the welfare of the community today and in the future, and their ritual places remain protected. This shows that the Aur Kuning community has a close connection with their identity and spirituality as well as their dependence on the forest ecosystem.

The management carried out by the Aur Kuning community contributes to the preservation of ecosystems and biodiversity. There are high-value flora and fauna within the Imbo/customary forest such as:

Flora

• Types of wood: Meranti, Medang, Pitatar, Pelangas, Petai, etc. Manau rattan, Ant nest rattan, Posu rattan, Sialang, Kulim, Timbosu, Kruing, Jelutung, Kompe, Mpuyan, Damar, Ubegh, Gaharu.
• Medicinal plants: Sundak Langit (Medicine for Back Pain), Pasak Bumi (Medicine for Joints, Malaria, Appetite), Kombang Simangkuak (Medicine for Internal Heat), Galinggang (Medicine for Ringworm), Ampolu Fruit (Medicine for Fever), Kulim Fruit (Medicine for Poison, Kitchen Spice), Bengkek Fruit (Medicine for Stomachache), Siminyak Leaves (Medicine for Increasing Breast Milk), Pisang Kolek Leaves (Medicine for Headache), Kaduduak Leaves (Medicine for Wounds).
• Fruits: Durian, Tughiang, Mangosteen, Cibodak Utan, Kidan, Tampui, Ngkanang, Salak Buai, Ambacang, Jonang
• Fauna:
• Tiger, Bear, Deer, Sambar Deer, Macaque, Mouse Deer, Tapir, Forest Goat, Monkey, Siamang, Ungko, Umu, Umbang Mato, Kuao, Wild Boar, Punai, Green Magpie, Hornbill, Kudum, Ninja Hummingbird, Kingfisher, Boba, Sipoca, Green Viper, King Cobra, Cobra, Python, Tiwuang Snake, Lidi Snake, Mpuaghi Snake, Water Snake, Mugho Snake, Ntigha, Jonjang Squirrel, Ngkolu Squirrel, Slow Loris, Kincuang Squirrel, Pangolin, Porcupine, Bingkaghuang

The Aur Kuning Indigenous Community has several legal foundations related to recognition and protection through the Kampar Regency Regional Regulation Number 12 of 1999 concerning Customary Land Rights. Furthermore, there are specific regulations governing the recognition and protection of the Aur Kuning Indigenous Community as a legitimate legal subject through the Kampar Regent's Decree Number 660/DLH-IV.2/32 on the Establishment of the Registration Team for the Determination of Indigenous Law Communities, Customary Territories, and Customary Forests in Kampar Regency, and obtaining legal recognition and protection through the Kampar Regent's Decree Number 660-326IV2019 concerning the Recognition of Indigenous Law Communities and Customary Land Rights of the Aur Kuning Community in the Batu Sanggan Village. Until now, the Aur Kuning Indigenous Community continues to strive for recognition and protection through the Customary Forest scheme. Currently, the Draft Plan for the management of the customary forest (RPHA) of the Aur Kuning community still needs input and finalization by incorporating customary laws, patterns of forest product utilization, and rewriting the customary laws that bind those who damage the protected zones of the indigenous community, both in customary forests and prohibited fishing areas.