Lubuk Larangan Ninik Mamak

In the past, the ancestors of the Aur Kuning community came from Pagaruyung, West Sumatra. At that time, they traveled in search of a place to establish a village as a settlement. The journey took a long time with various obstacles. The journey from Pg started by descending to Nganti (the name of the place) and then the ancestors of the Aur Kuning community climbed to the ridge of Bukit Seribu, then descended to Air Batang Kujano. Upon reaching Air Batang Kujano, a state (village) was established by the ancestors of the Aur Kuning community.

One day, a tiger cub was caught and then burned by the community, which made other tigers become fierce, resulting in casualties being eaten by tigers. Considering the unsafe condition of the village, they agreed to move to find a new place to settle, so they climbed the ridge along the Bewuik River. During the journey, they found a tiger trapped by roots, and kindly the Aur Kuning community immediately released the tiger from the roots in exchange for the promise that no tiger would disturb the descendants of the ancestors of the Aur Kuning community. The community continued their journey past Pematang Ulu Baleng until they reached Batang Santan. At Batang Santan, the community rested while cooking, and a coconut was grated there, with the leftover coconut pulp being thrown upstream of the Batang Santan River, which is where the name of the Hulu Batang Santan River originated.

After resting, the journey continued by following the downstream of the Batang Santan River to the mouth of the Santan River. Upon reaching the river mouth, they decided to cultivate the land at the mouth of the Santan River. Then, two datuks of the Terusan community, Datuk nan Kanciu (the name of the datuk) and Datuk Pamenan, sought a suitable place for the Aur Kuning community, and the datuks agreed to trace the Bewuik River and brought a chicken, a chisel, and a mortar (losuang/place for pounding rice).

In the middle of the journey, the Aur Kuning community found rocks on the left and right of the river, beneath which there was a waterfall. Remembering the long journey, the two datuks from Aur Kuning placed the chicken on a root, set the mortar in a place, and carved the stone. After a while, King Koto Muaro, the son of King Koto Muaro, came to bathe at the edge of the Bewuik River. Soon after, misfortune befell the king's son, who drowned because water entered his nose, and eventually, the son of King Koto Muaro died. The place where the king's son died was named Koto Muaro. The king's son was also buried there. The king initiated a request for land from the ninik mamak of the Terusan community, and kindly the ninik mamak of the Terusan community granted part of their land. After carving the stone, Datuk nan Kanciu and Datuk Pamenan threw the mortar into the base of the waterfall to prevent future generations from fighting over the land. After the mortar was dropped, the two datuks and the community followed the Bewuik River until they reached the mouth. At the mouth of the Bewuik River, they established a state (village). On the left facing downstream is Rona Kandi, and on the right facing downstream is the Kasok River, where the king sent his staff into the Kasok River, and a yellow bamboo grew there. This is where the name Kenegerian Aur Kuning originated.

The Indigenous Community of Kenegerian Aur Kuning has a protected area that is specially managed through generations. This area is Imbo or Forest—which consists of Imbo of the Santan River, Imbo of the Baliang River, Imbo of the Kudoghang River, and Imbo Gano. This forest is protected by the Indigenous Community of Kenegerian Aur Kuning because it serves as an ecosystem protection, a source of spring water, a place for livelihood (food), and the utilization of non-timber forest products (HHBK).

The management of the Indigenous Community of Kenegerian Aur Kuning over the Imbo is taken in a limited manner only for specific purposes, such as building houses and boats. Areas within the Imbo cannot be made into fields, and if someone wants to enter, they must ask permission from the ancestors in the forest. Non-timber forest products that can be taken include Durian, Petai, Tampui, Idan, and Berangan (chestnut). Some management regulations for the forest have been written down, but most are conveyed orally and passed down through generations. In the customary forest area, no one has ever been punished because the applicable customary regulations are flexible, except for those who violate the customary forest. The management of Imbo is regulated and supervised by the Indigenous Institution of Kenegerian Aur Kuning. Kenegerian Aur Kuning is led by Datuk Pucuk from the Malay Tribe (Datuk Caniago)—who controls the land and its contents in Kenegerian Aur Kuning. There are three tribes in Kenegerian Aur Kuning: (1) The Malay Tribe led by Datuk Pucuk (Datuk Caniago); (2) The Domo Tribe led by Datuk Mudo; (3) The Domo Kampai Tribe led by Datuk Mangkuto Jalelo.

The duties and functions of the customary institutions are regulated as follows:

1) Datuk Pucuk functions as the authority holder in a customary event in the state (kampuang).

2) Datuk Lelo Baso functions as the resolver of disputes among mamak in the state (kampuang).

3) Datuk Mangkuto Julelo functions as the resolver of disputes among mamak in the state (village).

4) Mamak Kampung functions to carry out orders from Datuk Pucuk.

5) Dubalang functions to carry out orders from the Datuks/Ninik Mamak.

Currently, Imbo or the customary forest serves as an economic source for the Indigenous Community of Kenegerian Aur Kuning, both from timber and non-timber forest products. The Indigenous Community of Kenegerian Aur Kuning preserves the Imbo/customary forest through generations and focuses on managing the forest based on community knowledge. The Indigenous Community of Kenegerian Aur Kuning—through local knowledge and values upheld by their ancestors—ensures that they do not excessively exploit timber resources, keeping the Imbo/customary forest's natural resources sustainably preserved. Additionally, the springs are also very beneficial for the welfare of the community in the present and future, and their ritual places remain protected. This shows that Kenegerian Aur Kuning is also closely related to their identity and spirituality as well as their dependence on the forest ecosystem.

The management carried out by Kenegerian Aur Kuning contributes to the preservation of ecosystems and biodiversity. There are high-value flora and fauna in the Imbo/customary forest such as:

Flora

• Wood types: Meranti, Medang, Pitatar, Pelangas, Petai, etc. Manau rattan, Ant nest rattan, Posu rattan, Sialang, Kulim, Timbosu, Kruing, Jelutung, Kompe, Mpuyan, Damar, Ubegh, Gaharu.
• Medicinal plants: Sundak Langit (Medicine for Back Pain), Pasak Bumi (Medicine for Joints, Malaria, Appetite), Kombang Simangkuak (Medicine for Internal Heat), Galinggang (Medicine for Ringworm), Ampolu Fruit (Medicine for Fever), Kulim Fruit (Medicine for Poison, Kitchen Spice), Bengkek Fruit (Medicine for Stomachache), Siminyak Leaves (Medicine for Increasing Breast Milk), Kolek Banana Leaves (Medicine for Headache), Kaduduak Leaves (Medicine for Wounds).
• Fruits: Durian, Tughiang, Mangosteen, Cibodak Utan, Kidan, Tampui, Ngkanang, Salak Buai, Ambacang, Jonang
• Fauna:
• Tiger, Bear, Deer, Sambar Deer, Macaque, Mouse Deer, Tapir, Forest Goat, Monkey, Siamang, Ungko, Umu, Umbang Mato, Kuao, Wild Boar, Punai, Green Magpie, Hornbill, Kudum, Ninja Hummingbird, Kingfisher, Boba, Sipoca, Green Viper, King Cobra, Cobra, Python, Tiwuang Snake, Lidi Snake, Mpuaghi Snake, Water Snake, Mugho Snake, Ntigha, Jonjang Squirrel, Ngkolu Squirrel, Slow Loris, Kincuang Squirrel, Pangolin, Porcupine, Bingkaghuang

The Indigenous Community of Kenegerian Aur Kuning has several legal foundations related to recognition and protection through Regional Regulation of Kampar Regency Number 12 of 1999 concerning Customary Land Rights. Furthermore, there are specific regulations governing the recognition and protection of the Indigenous Community of Kenegerian Aur Kuning as a legitimate legal subject through the Decree of the Regent of Kampar Number 660/DLH-IV.2/32 concerning the Establishment of the Registration Team for the Determination of Indigenous Law Communities, Customary Territories, and Customary Forests in Kampar Regency and obtaining legal recognition and protection through the Decree of the Regent of Kampar Number 660-326IV2019 concerning the Recognition of Indigenous Law Communities and Customary Land Rights of Kenegerian Aur Kuning in the Kekhalifahan Batu Sanggan Village of Aur Kuning. Until now, the Indigenous Community of Kenegerian Aur Kuning continues to strive for recognition and protection through the Customary Forest scheme. Currently, the Draft Plan for the Management of Customary Forests (RPHA) of Kenegerian Aur Kuning still needs input and finalization by incorporating customary law principles, patterns of forest product utilization, and rewriting binding customary laws against perpetrators of damage to the protected zones of the indigenous community, both Customary Forests and prohibited fishing areas.