Pagong Mbiu (Danau)

The naming of Mandor Kiru’ was originally named by the community as Manur Kiru’. This name changed to Mandor Kiru’ when Pak Bujang, as the Village Head in the 1990s, mistakenly wrote the name Manur Kiru’ as Mandor Kiru’ in the village administration. The name Mandor Kiru’ itself comes from two words, Manur comes from the name of the Manur Tamarind tree and Kiru’ comes from the name of the Kiru’ plant (a thorny pandan plant, a member of the pandanaceae family, can be used for weaving mats, hats, and selepe).

According to the elders living in Mandor Kiru, they initially lived in the Sengkunang location (which was abandoned, hence this area is called Kemawak Sengkunang). They lived in the Sengkunang area during the Dutch colonial era and during the time of inter-tribal wars (the Kayau era). The tribal war occurred between the Dayak Sengkunang and Dayak Jangkang. The incident involved a Sengkunang person named Ma’ Kajim (Pak Kajim) marrying into the Dayak Jangkang area and inviting several Jangkang people to raid the Sengkunang area. Those who lived in Kemawak Sengkunang were six siblings namely: 1. Buduh Ma’ Laut alias Bungkang; 2. Santap Ma’ Gonong; 3. Jago Ma’ Linat; 4. Pati Kaya; 5. Singa Pati; and 6. Macan Kangkom; (the names of the parents of these six siblings are unknown).

After leaving Kemawak Sengkunang, they moved to Kemawak Mbiu. In Kemawak Mbiu, the population began to grow, making agricultural land no longer fertile. To find sufficient agricultural yields, they eventually decided to move to a new place. They moved to Kemawak Engkunang. Their migration to Kemawak Engkunang. It was in Kemawak Engkunang that the six siblings mentioned above were born. They lived in Engkunang for quite a long time, and their numbers also increased. In this place, an outbreak of disease occurred that affected humans, and many residents died. Seeing this event, those who survived then moved to several places such as Kiru’, Bungkang, Kalong, Bangan, Semayang, Bingkai, and Peluntan. Now Kemawak Engkunang has become a cemetery/wakaf for the village of Mandor Kiru’ and there are local fruit trees such as Durian, langsat, mentawa, kelampe, janta’, ringko bamboo, gandaria tamarind, sumsum, tengkawang, sekelet/cempedak.

From Kemawak Engkunang, they moved to Kemawak Manur, in this village they built a Long House (Rumah Amuh). This Long House has 17 doors. From Kemawak Manur they moved to Manur Kiru’. This migration was caused by an outbreak of disease affecting the residents. This migration was also signaled by nature with the sounds of birds like kito’ and beria at night. The sounds of birds at night are a bad omen for the residents of the Kemawak Manur village. From Manur they moved to Manur Kiru’, due to the outbreak of disease affecting the residents. They have lived in Mandor Kiru’ until now and built 3 radak (settlements):

1. Radak Binjai located in Kanis, the community built Kabu’ houses (single).

2. Radak Kiru’ located in Empayak. There is a Long House (Rumah Amuh) with 30 doors. The Long House was dismantled and became Kabu’ houses (single) in 1980. In 1980, Pak Jais served as the Village Head.

3. Radak Simpang located in Polo Tawa. In Polo Tawa, the community built Kabu houses (single).

During their time in the Mandor Kiru’ Village, it was also during the reign of the Panembahan Ngabang Kingdom. The kingdom sent Damang to collect taxes from the community in the form of rice and livestock. The tax items had to be carried by the residents of Mandor Kiru’ to the Landak palace. During the Japanese occupation, in 1945, the Mandor Kiru’ community felt unsafe and fearful. They were afraid of the Japanese. They feared that Japanese soldiers would take their daughters to be their illegal wives. To avoid this situation, parents would quickly marry off their children to young men from the village. During the Demonstration era, in 1967, there was unrest between the Dayak community and the Chinese ethnic group. The community expelled and looted the belongings of the Chinese who resided in Jelimpo and Sosok. During the New Order era, in 1966, the presidency of Suharto began, the people in Mandor Kiru’ had not received development support for roads and school buildings. To build the road between Mandor Kiru’ and Jelimpo, they worked together, while for the children of Mandor Kiru’, they walked to Kalong and Jelimpo for school.

The Mandor Kiru Village community has an area that is managed and protected through generations, this area encompasses several livelihood spaces for the community, such as: Forest, Fruit Gardens, and Lakes. The lake or in local terms Pagong Mbiu is an area utilized for fishing, a water reservoir for the community, and a water source for rice irrigation. Based on a mutual agreement between the Mandor Kiru Village community and the Village Head, along with encouragement from external institutions such as the Alliance of Indigenous Peoples of the Archipelago (AMAN) and the Indigenous Territory Registration Agency (BRWA), since 2022 they have committed to protecting and recognizing areas deemed important and managed by the community through generations and are striving to obtain recognition and protection as subjects of Indigenous Law Communities.

The management of Pagong Mbiu has communal ownership and utilization rights under the Pagong Group and the Ketimanggongan Binua Sengkunang Customary Council and cannot be sold.

The Ketimanggongan Binua Sengkunang Customary Institution consists of:

1) Temanggong, responsible for resolving customary matters starting from 3 tali (120 kg of pig) to Adat Balah Nyawa.

2) Pajanang (Deputy Temenggung), responsible for resolving customary matters from 3 tali (120 kg of pig) to Adat Balah Nyawa.

3) Pasirah, responsible for resolving customary matters starting from 8 real - 16 real and 40 kg of pig.

4) Pangaraga, responsible for resolving customary matters starting from 4 real - 8 real and 40 kg of pig.

The rules applicable in the utilization of Pagong Mbiu include a schedule for opening and closing Pagong Mbiu—at the earliest two years, at the latest three years closed. Then, outsiders need to pay (50 thousand), 1 KK for 3 people, more than that pay (50 thousand for adults, 30-35 thousand for children). If it has been opened for one day, it will be closed for one week. Fish can be harvested and sold independently. Pagong Mbiu was last opened in July 2023—depending on the agreement. The Pagong leader plays a role in determining the schedule based on the situation and weather conditions. The money paid by the community is used to buy seeds, maintain the pagong, or for communal meals.

The management and protection of Pagong Mbiu contribute to the preservation of the lake ecosystem and the biodiversity within it. Through local practices and limited utilization rules by scheduling fish harvesting, the community hopes that Pagong Mbiu can be utilized sustainably. Pagong Mbiu is very beneficial for daily life and serves as a source of income for the community from fish sales. The fish found in Pagong Mbiu are very diverse, such as: Gabus Fish (Loso), Catfish, Sodoy Fish, Baung Fish, Tengadak Fish, Patuk Fish, Loso Badu Fish, Wild Palo Fish, Sepat Fish, Puat Fish, Tanah Fish, Nile Fish, Goldfish, Giant Prawn, and Clam.

The Dayak Be'aje Indigenous Community in Benua Sengkunang located in the Mandor Kiru Village area does not yet have specific regulations governing the recognition and protection of rights or the protection of community-managed areas. However, there is a legal basis established regarding the recognition and protection of Indigenous Law Communities in Landak Regency, namely through Landak Regional Regulation Number 15 of 2017 concerning the Recognition and Protection of Indigenous Law Communities in Landak Regency and the Landak Regent's Decree Number 660.1/292/HK-2018 concerning the Establishment of the Verification and Validation Committee for the Recognition and Protection of Indigenous Law Communities in Landak Regency.