Panyugu Nilas

The Indigenous People residing in Kampokng Agak are a sub-tribe of the Dayak Kanayatn—geographically located in Sebangki District, Landak Regency. In their daily life, the Kampokng Agak community uses the Ahe language. The name Kampokng Agak itself is derived from the name of the Pakis Agak plant. According to stories around the year 1916, Burung (Pak Lana) with the title TUHA—a respected figure—held a bahaupm/meeting with the elders/parents who at that time lived separately among Kampokng Limpe, Samaroa’, Batukng, Totokng, Paburungan, Kamawangan, Lasung, Soga, and Pana. This Bahaump was held in Kampokng Pana.

Burung, who was then the TUHA/leader, invited the elders/parents who lived separately to create Kampokng because their villages were considered to be in an unsafe condition, especially from disturbances by spirits/demons at night, so TUHA BURUNG invited the elders to create a new village and move to the new village. In this Bahaump, everyone agreed to create Kampokng, and they collectively performed barudas/bahuma to clear the location they would establish as Kampokng. After finishing clearing, they burned it and cleaned the area. After 2 to 3 months, the Kampokng location was left untouched and no one built houses, allowing it to be overgrown with grass and small saplings, with the most dominant plant being the Pakis Agak type—seeing this, Burung as Tuha/Leader named the new Kampokng Kampokng Agak, which is still called Agak today. The original location where the Elders/parents held Barudas/Bahuma to create Kampokng Agak is now located precisely at the Tuah Jubata football field in Dusun Agak.

The origins of Kampokng Agak before settling in the current village came from Limpe, Samaroa’, Batukng, Totokng, Paburungan, Kamawangan, Lasukng, Soga, and Pana. The first group came from Banyuke, settling in Paburungan, led by Pak Giobar. The second group came from Ambawang Pancaroba, initially settling in Samaroa led by Pak Sana. Other groups that had settled in Batukng were led by Pak Jota, Totokng by Pak Abas, Limpe by Pak Mayu, Saudang by Pak Lam, Lasukng by Duli, Soga by Pak Jimba, and Kamawangan by Pak Ayang. Their migration was agreed upon based on the results of the bahaump. Then, because Kampong Agak is located close to Pana, it was initially named Kampokng Agak Pana, which consisted of 8 houses. The mention of Kampokng Agak Pana was last referred to around 1980, after which it was simply called Kampokng Agak (source: brwa.or.id).

The Dayak Kanayatn Indigenous community in Kampokng Agak has an area that is managed and protected through generations, consisting of Udas Nang Dinangahi (Forest), Kompokng (Fruit Garden), and Panyugu (Sacred Place). Udas Nang Dinangahi is an area of forest that is still protected by the community with limited utilization. The ownership of the udas is communal/collective under the management of the village and cannot be sold. Besides the flora and fauna of the forest, the Udas also contains caves (like Ohakng), springs (Ulu sado, Apitan, and Ulu Saudakng), and ritual places (Tajur Tikus, Tajur Tuha).

Udas Nang Dinangahi is protected and utilized by the community in a limited manner. Udas Nang Dinangahi is owned and utilized by the community communally and is not for sale. The management and protection of Udas Nang Dinangahi are the responsibility of the customary leaders at the village level, namely the Customary Institution of Ketimanggongan Binua Samih II, which consists of Anak Raga, Pasirah, and Timanggong. Raga and Pasirah have authority at the village level, while Timanggong has authority at the Binua level. The following are the duties and functions of the customary leaders of Ketimanggongan Binua Samih II:

1. Anak Raga plays a role in enforcing customary law applicable at the village level, deciding customary law, and preserving customs. Anak Raga is responsible for maintaining order, justice, and security for the indigenous community in the village area.
2. Pasirah plays a role in enforcing customary law applicable at the village level, deciding customary law, and preserving customs. Pasirah is responsible for maintaining order, justice, and security for the indigenous community in the village area.
3. Timanggong plays a role in resolving customary matters that remain unresolved at the village level. Timanggong is responsible for overseeing customary law and organizing matters related to customs, as well as maintaining security and justice in the customary area.

The management and protection of the Udas Nang Dinangahi area are regulated by customary law. There are rules and sanctions that must be adhered to by the community in managing Udas Nang Dinangahi, which include:

1. Pari Basa, meaning the community is not allowed to cut down trees except for village needs. If violated, the community will be subject to a sanction in the form of Sabuah siam (customary measure) in the form of pigs, chickens, and others according to the agreement made.
2. Pangalabur Kampokng, meaning the community is prohibited from damaging or stealing in the Udas Nang Dinangahi area. If violated, the community will be subject to a sanction of three tahul sapuluh amas batanung jalu two real (2 real = 20 kg of pig, or adjusted to the price of pigs).
3. Animals and fruits are allowed to be taken in limited quantities.

Additionally, the Udas Nang Dinangahi area is also used as a ritual place, namely the Tajur Tikus Ritual, which is carried out when there is an excessive pest attack. In this ritual, several rats are taken and ritualized (commanded not to disturb the crops). After that, the rats are released at Tajur Tuha (the place of old and large wood).

The management and protection of Udas Nang Dinangahi or Protected Forest contribute to the preservation of forest ecosystems, the Ohakng cave ecosystem, and the biodiversity within it. Udas Nang Dinangahi has a protective function for biodiversity by prohibiting logging, prohibiting forest destruction, and safeguarding water sources. It also contributes to cultural and spiritual values by protecting sacred areas within it as there are areas used for rituals. Additionally, it maintains the sustainability of natural resources. The Kampokng Agak community also utilizes natural resources in a limited and non-exploitative manner by applying customary law to pay fines. Thus, flora and fauna such as various types of timber trees (Kalampe, Kayu Ara, Takam, Kaladan, Rattan: Palades, Uwi Saga, Uwi dahanan, etc.), Ulin, Pasak Bumi, Meranti Batu, Meranti Bunga, Tarap, Banong, Karowekng, Kayu Ubah, Kayu Malam, Pansi, Ampaning, Rangas; various types of fruit trees (Nangka, Kalampe, Pehengan, Palu’, Asam Kalimantant, Angkabang, Tepok Sinopo, Asam Coer, Sinto, Mintawa, and Rawikng) and various types of fauna (Monkeys, Long-tailed Monkeys, Porcupines, Short-tailed Monkeys, Deer, Mouse Deer, Angkis, Tangiling, Jungle Fowl, Bansio). There are also various types of birds (Amporo, Keto, Biroco, Bura’, Kanakng, Tungkaris, Timagu, Uncit, Buria, Kutuk, Pangaek or Black Rangok, Dunutn, Sampukat).

The Dayak Kanayatn Indigenous community in the Kampokng Agak area does not yet have specific regulations governing the recognition and protection of rights or the protection of community-managed areas. However, there is a legal basis established regarding the recognition and protection of Indigenous Law Communities in Landak Regency, namely through Landak Regional Regulation Number 15 of 2017 concerning the Recognition and Protection of Indigenous Law Communities in Landak Regency and the Decree of the Landak Regent Number 660.1/292/HK-2018 concerning the Establishment of the Verification and Validation Committee for the Recognition and Protection of Indigenous Law Communities in Landak Regency.