Tana' Ulen Long Ketaman Sungai Kaleng

The customary territory of Pujungan has been inhabited for generations by the Kenyah Tribe (Uma’ Alim, Uma’ Lasan, Oma’ Long, Bakung, Badeng), Dayak Punan, and Dayak Kayan (Pua’). The history of their arrival in the large customary territory of Pujungan can be seen along the Pujungan River and its tributaries, namely: the Bum River or Lidem River. Evidence of their existence at that time is marked by the presence of cave graves (lizang bila) as historical evidence of the Kenyah tribes Uma Alim, Uma Lasan, and Uma Long who have lived in this area the longest. Uma Baka, which no longer has a village in the Pujungan area, once resided upstream of Pujungan (the area between the Jelet and Pujungan rivers). As the origins of the Kenyah tribe from the upstream part that comes from the Iwan River and Lurah River (the Badeng and Penan Benalui tribes originally from Malaysia), they then moved to the area where they still reside along the Pujungan River. The Great Indigenous Community of Pujungan has a protected area that has been passed down through generations, namely: Tana Ulen’.

Tana’ Ulen is a forest area managed by customary law specifically for protection and communal use for village events. Tana ulen’ means forbidden land—meaning that forest products cannot be taken individually except when done collectively for the common interest, for example, hunting land and water animals for the needs of the entire community in one village. Tana’ Ulen is a wilderness area or primary forest with a high level of biodiversity that is utilized to sustain the community's livelihood. Tana Ulen’ of Long Ketaman is located on the Kaleng River.

Tana Ulen must not be opened and managed as farmland, plantations, and rice fields. Tana’ Ulen is entirely located within the large customary territory of Pujungan. In terms of ownership, Tana’Ulen is a customary right in each village with special regulations to ensure that the area remains protected. The management of Tana’ Ulen is regulated by the customary leader and supported by the village head. The customary institution is regulated by the Great Customary Institution of Pujungan, which includes the following structure:

• a) Head of the Great Custom
• i) Coordinates the Customary Leaders of each Village;
• ii) Organizes customary meetings to make decisions;
• iii) Creates new customary regulations;

iv) Makes final decisions if issues cannot be resolved by the village customary leader.

b) Village Customary Leader

i) Resolves issues that arise in the village;

ii) Ensures conditions in each village are secure according to applicable customary regulations.

The decision-making mechanism of the Great Customary Institution of Pujungan is conducted through customary meetings at the village and customary territory level attended by the village head and village chief; and follows the decisions of the great customary leader.

The community applies a system of ‘open ulen and close ulen’—meaning there are times allowed to utilize natural resources in Tana Ulen’ for the common needs of the community. Every year, the community holds harvest festivals and wedding events, natural wealth such as animals and fish found in Tana Ulen’ will be utilized—depending on how many events are held in a year. In addition, it is utilized for New Year and Christmas events. All of this utilization is regulated by village customs and the village head.

The utilization and management of Tana’Ulen are regulated in Customary Regulations. The management regulations for Tana Ulen’ Long Ketaman Kaleng River are as follows:

1) Cutting down trees along the footpath that crosses Tana Ulen’ is prohibited.

2) Hunting or fishing in Tana Ulen’ without the permission of the village customary leader or village head is prohibited.

3) Cutting down all types of forest fruit trees in Tana Ulen’ is prohibited.

4) Farming or gardening in Tana Ulen’ or opening new land is prohibited.

5) Damaging assets such as stone graves or ancient graves is prohibited.

6) Selling land in the Tana Ulen’ area

7) Allowing outsiders to open land in Tana Ulen’

8) Opening or creating access roads in the Tana Ulen’ area

9) Fishing in the Tana Ulen’ area of other villages.

As for the provisions applicable to the management area of Tana Ulen’ are:

1) The river and Tana Ulen’ of the village have limited utilization, only for specific times and events.

2) Tana Ulen’ is not allowed to be disturbed by the community, especially outsiders.

3) The community must maintain the existence of Tana Ulen’ so that it can function sustainably.

4) The utilization of forest products such as: rattan, gahayu, fish, wood, and others in Tana Ulen’ carried out by the community must be with the permission of the customary leader/village head.

5) Researchers entering Tana Ulen’ for research purposes must have permission from the village customs and donations/contributions for the customary fund.

Tana Ulen’ is important to be protected by the Great Indigenous Community of Pujungan because they are highly dependent on the forest area. For them, the forest is a heritage from their ancestors that must be preserved and protected. The forest is a place for farming (shifting cultivation), gardening, and utilizing forest products such as traditional medicinal plants, game animals, fruits, etc. The forest is everything for indigenous communities; without the forest, they would suffer because other livelihoods cannot be pursued apart from relying on the forest.

Tana Ulen’ is one of the local wisdoms of the Great Indigenous Community of Pujungan related to forest management and natural resource management that has been carried out for generations. With management and regulations that have been applied in a limited and non-exploitative manner, it is hoped that Tana Ulen’ will become an area that is utilized and functioned sustainably so that the descendants of the Great Indigenous Community of Pujungan can still enjoy the natural resources available in Tana Ulen’. This communal utilization also affects the social and cultural aspects of the Great Indigenous Community of Pujungan—thus, they can continue to be united and celebrate important days with the natural resources they have preserved.

The wealth of Tana Ulen’ is very potential and abundant—this greatly contributes to the preservation of forest ecosystems and the biodiversity of flora, fauna, and high-value timber such as:

• Fauna
• 1. Temengngang / Hornbill
• 2. Teba’un / ivory-billed hornbill
• 3. Bertalang / Stonechat
• 4. Blekotau / Marsh Frog
• 5. Manok elang / Bulbul
• 6. Payau / deer
• 7. Setong / porcupine
• 8. Buang / bear
• 9. All types of Tiger
• 10. Lutung / Langur
• 11. Wa’ wa’ / Civet
• 12. Dok talun / Sensitive Plant
• 13. Aem / Pangolin
• 14. Atok / fish
• Flora (rattan):
• 1. Uwai’ semole
• 2. Uwai’ seka
• 3. Uwai’ selengan
• 4. Uwai lanya
• 5. Uwai’ kaleng
• 6. Uwai’ abun’
• Building Materials
• 1. Tonak/meranti
• 2. Mit/yellow
• 3. Berepek/stone for sharpening
• 4. Kapon/lime
• 5. Lemaan/lembasung
• 6. Abang/mekabang
• 7. Temalang
• 8. Nyemolay

The Great Indigenous Community of Pujungan has a legal basis for recognition and protection of customary law communities through Regional Regulation of Malinau Number 10 of 2012. Furthermore, the Great Indigenous Community of Pujungan has received recognition and protection of rights through the Regent's Decree No. 660.2/k.197/2020—which establishes and recognizes the Dayak Kenyah Tribe (Uma’ Alim, Uma’ Lasan, Oma’ Long, Bakung, Badeng), Dayak Punan, and Dayak Kayan (Pua’) who inhabit Long Bena, Long Belaka, Long Peleran, Long Pujungan, Long Aran, Long Lame, Long Ketaman, and Long Uli in the Pujungan District of Malinau Regency as the Customary Law Community in Malinau Regency.